Resource selection based on latency requirements

ABSTRACT

A method and wireless device for determining a time interval, T2, for selecting a time-frequency resource are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes determining the time interval based on at least one parameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood of collision. In some embodiments, at least one of the at least one parameter is a priority level indication, such that a higher priority transmission results in a lower value of T2.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. National Stage patentapplication Ser. No. 16/480,751, filed on Jul. 25, 2019, entitled“RESOURCE SELECTION BASED ON LATENCY REQUIREMENTS”, which claimspriority to International Application Serial No. PCT/SE2018/050129,filed Feb. 13, 2018, entitled “RESOURCE SELECTION BASED ON LATENCYREQUIREMENTS,”, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 62/458,323, filed Feb. 13, 2017, the entireties of all of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to wireless communications, and in particular,to resource selection based on latency requirements.

BACKGROUND

During the life cycle of the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) Release 12 of the long term evolution standard (LTE), the LTEstandard has been extended to support device to device (D2D) (specifiedas “sidelink”) features targeting both commercial and public safetyapplications. Some applications enabled by Rel-12 LTE are devicediscovery, where devices are able to sense the proximity of anotherdevice and associated applications by broadcasting and detectingdiscovery messages that carry device and application identities. Anotherapplication consists of direct communication based on physical channelsterminated directly between devices.

One of the potential extensions for the device to device work consistsof support of “vehicle” to “x” (V2x) communication, which includes anycombination of direct communication between vehicles, pedestrians andinfrastructure. V2x communication may take advantage of a networkinfrastructure, when available, but at least basic V2x connectivityshould be possible even in case of lack of network coverage. Providingan LTE-based V2x interface may be economically advantageous because ofthe LTE economies of scale and it may enable tighter integration betweencommunications with the NW infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle topedestrian (V2P) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications, ascompared to using a dedicated V2x technology.

V2x communications may carry both non-safety and safety information,where each of the applications and services may be associated withspecific requirements sets, e.g., in terms of latency, reliability,capacity, etc.

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has definedtwo types of messages for road safety: Co-operative Awareness Message(CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM).

CAM: The CAM message is intended to enable vehicles, including emergencyvehicles, to notify their presence and other relevant parameters in abroadcast fashion. Such messages target other vehicles, pedestrians, andinfrastructure, and are handled by their applications. CAM message alsoserves as active assistance to safety driving for normal traffic. Theavailability of a CAM message is checked every 100 ms, yielding amaximum detection latency requirement of <=100 ms for most messages.However, the latency requirement for pre-crash sensing warning is 50 ms.

DENM: The DENM message is event-triggered, such as by braking, and theavailability of a DENM message is also checked every 100 ms, and therequirement of maximum latency is <=100 ms.

The package size of CAM and DENM message varies from 100+ to 800+ bytesand the typical size is around 300 bytes. The message is supposed to bedetected by all vehicles in proximity.

The SAE (Society of the Automotive Engineers) also defined the BasicSafety Message (BSM) for DSRC with various messages sizes defined.

According to the importance and urgency of the messages, the BSMs arefurther classified into different priorities.

Logical Subframe Indexing

The specification for LTE-V2X defines a logical indexing of thesubframes. The purpose of this logical indexing is to exclude thesubframes that are not suitable for V2X transmission of data (e.g.,because they are used for transmission of synchronization signals,etc.). These subframes are known as reserved subframes. Consequently,two subframes that are consecutive in the logical domain (i.e., withconsecutive indices) may not be consecutive in time. The specificlogical indexing is configured by the network. Most procedures forLTE-V2X transmission are defined using this logical indexing.

Sensing-Based Resource Allocation with Booking

The specification for LTE-V2X defines two transmission modes: mode 3, inwhich the network tightly controls the sidelink transmissions by thewireless devices (WDs) (e.g., allocating time-frequency resources,etc.); and mode 4 in which the network does not control the sidelinktransmissions by the WDs, or controls them very loosely (e.g., bydefining pools of resources but without allocating specifictime-frequency resources to the WD).

Transmission mode 4 for LTE-V2X sidelink defines an autonomous resourceallocation algorithm based on sensing of ongoing transmissions. Theautonomous resource allocation algorithm can be roughly summarized inthe following steps.

-   1) A WD senses the transmission medium during an interval [n-a,    n-b], where n is an arbitrary time reference, and a>b≥0 define the    duration of the sensing window.-   2) Based on the sensing results, the WD predicts the future    utilization of the transmission medium at a future time interval    [n+T1, n+T2], where T2>T1≥0.-   3) The WD selects one or more time-frequency resources in the    interval [n+T1, n+T2]. The selection is performed according to an    algorithm that is defined in the specification.

The algorithm details for sensing (in Step 1), predicting (in Step 2),and selecting (in Step 3) are defined in the LTE specification (LTE TS36.213). One aspect is that the selection (Step 3) algorithm introducessome randomness to reduce the probability that WDs with similar sensingand prediction results select the same resources (i.e., leading to atransmission collision). More specifically, larger values for T2 reducethe collision probability.

As a consequence of the algorithm used for autonomous resourceallocation, the minimum guaranteed latency for a transmission is limitedby the value T2. That is, if a packet arrives at the transmission bufferat time n, the WD can only guarantee that the packet will be transmittedby n+T2 (assuming that the WD performed sensing before the arrival ofthe packet).

SUMMARY

Some embodiments advantageously provide a method and wireless device fordetermining a time interval, T2, for selecting a time-frequencyresource. According to one aspect, a method includes determining thetime interval based on at least one parameter serving as a proxyindicative of a likelihood of collision.

According to this aspect, in some embodiments, at least one of the atleast one parameter is a priority level indication, such that a higherpriority transmission results in a lower value of T2. In someembodiments, at least one of the at least one parameter is a number ofreserved subframes, such that T2 is a fixed value minus the number ofreserved subframes. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a number of unavailable subframes, such thatT2=T_(fixed,2)−N_(unavailable), where T_(fixed,2) is a fixed value andN_(unavailable) is the number of unavailable subframes in the interval[n, n+T_(fixed,2)]. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a packet size, such that the smaller the packet sizethe lower the value of T2. In some embodiments, at least one of the atleast one parameter is a type of transmission, such that T2 is firstvalue for control information and is second, larger value for othertypes of information. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a transmission format, such that the value of T2depends on a transmission format modulation and coding scheme, MCS. Insome embodiments, at least one of the at least one parameter is acharacteristic of a vehicle upon which the WD is one of mounted andincorporated, the characteristic being at least one of position, speedand type of vehicle. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a congestion control indicator, such that whencongestion is low, T2 is small, and when suggestion is high, T2 islarge. In some embodiments, at least one of the at least one parameteris a budget, such that a transmitter of the WD is enabled to selectresources for some packets using a first value of T2 a certain number oftimes per second, and using a second a second value of T2 to selectresources for remaining packets. In some embodiments, T2 depends onwhich pool of a pool of resources is to be employed during the timeinterval. In some embodiments, time-frequency resources in the timeinterval [n+T1, n+T2] are not selected with equal probability. In someembodiments, time-frequency resources in a second time interval [n+T1,n+T3] are selected with lower probability than time-frequency resourcesin a third time interval [n+T3+1, n+T2].

According to another aspect, a wireless device, WD, configured todetermine a time interval, T2, for selecting a time-frequency resourceis provided. The WD includes processing circuitry configured todetermine the time interval based on at least one parameter serving as aproxy indicative of a likelihood of collision.

According to this aspect, in some embodiments, at least one of the atleast one parameter is a priority level indication, such that a higherpriority transmission results in a lower value of T2. In someembodiments, at least one of the at least one parameter is a number ofreserved subframes, such that T2 is a fixed value minus the number ofreserved subframes. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a number of unavailable subframes, such thatT2=T_(fixed,2)−N_(unavailable), where T_(fixed,2) is a fixed value andN_(unavailable) is the number of unavailable subframes in the interval[n, n+T_(fixed,2)]. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a packet size, such that the smaller the packet sizethe lower the value of T2. In some embodiments, at least one of the atleast one parameter is a type of transmission, such that T2 is a firstvalue for control information and is a second, larger value for othertypes of information. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a transmission format, such that the value of T2depends on a transmission format modulation and coding scheme, MCS. Insome embodiments, at least one of the at least one parameter is acharacteristic of a vehicle upon which the WD is one of mounted andincorporated, the characteristic being at least one of position, speedand type of vehicle. In some embodiments, at least one of the at leastone parameter is a congestion control indicator, such that whencongestion is low, T2 is small, and when suggestion is high, T2 islarge. In some embodiments, at least one of the at least one parameteris a budget, such that a transmitter of the WD is enabled to selectresources for some packets using a first value of T2 a certain number oftimes per second, and using a second a second value of T2 to selectresources for remaining packets. In some embodiments, T2 depends onwhich pool of a pool of resources is to be employed during the timeinterval. In some embodiments, time-frequency resources in the timeinterval [n+T1, n+T2] are not selected with equal probability. In someembodiments, time-frequency resources in a second time interval [n+T1,n+T3] are selected with lower probability than time-frequency resourcesin a third time interval [n+T3+1, n+T2].

According to yet another embodiment, a wireless device, WD, configuredto determine a time interval, T2, for selecting a time-frequencyresource is provided. The WD includes a time interval determiner moduleconfigured to determine the time interval based on at least oneparameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood of collision.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and theattendant advantages and features thereof, will be more readilyunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication network with WDsconstructed in accordance with principles set forth herein;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless device (WD) 40 configuredaccording to principles set forth herein;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a WDconfigured according to principles set forth herein; and

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary process in a WD for determiningthe time interval, T2, for selecting time frequency resources.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before describing in detail exemplary embodiments, it is noted that theembodiments reside primarily in combinations of apparatus components andprocessing steps related to resource selection based on latencyrequirement. Accordingly, components have been represented whereappropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only thosespecific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments soas not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readilyapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of thedescription herein.

As used herein, relational terms, such as “first” and “second,” “top”and “bottom,” and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entityor element from another entity or element without necessarily requiringor implying any physical or logical relationship or order between suchentities or elements.

The current LTE specification defines a value of T2, cf TS 36.213Section 14.1.1.6. In some embodiments disclosed herein T2=20milliseconds. As described above, this constrains the minimum guaranteedtransmission latency. To reduce the latency, it is desirable to reducethis value. However, it is not possible to do so without affecting theperformance.

In addition, the current specification can only guarantee the latencyrequirement in terms of logical subframes. To translate the transmissionlatency capability to actual time (instead of logical subframes), it isnecessary to provision for the maximum number of reserved subframes.

Embodiments allow for reduced transmission latency while ensuring thatthe system performance is not significantly degraded. Embodiments ensurethat the transmission latency expressed in actual time is met,regardless of the number of reserved subframes in the systemconfiguration.

Embodiments are discussed introduced in the context of LTE-V2Xtransmission mode 4 although the general principle may be applied inother transmission modes as well as other radio access technologies.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication network 10 withWDs constructed in accordance with principles set forth herein. Thewireless communication network has a cloud 16 which may include theInternet and/or the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Thewireless communication network also includes base stations 20A and 20B,referred to collectively herein as base stations 20. The base stations20 may be in communication with one or more WDs, such as WDs 40A and40B, referred to collectively herein as WDs 40. One or more of the WDs40 may be mounted on, or incorporated as part of, a vehicle, 42A, 42B,referred to collectively herein as vehicles 42. Note that actualwireless communications 10 may include many more than two base stations20 and many more than two WDs 40. Also, although WDs 40 are shown asbeing related to vehicles 42, the disclosure is not limited to such. WDs40 can be incorporated as part of any V2x communication, e.g., V2P, etc.Vehicles 42 are used only for the sake of expediency to explanation.

A wireless device 40, such as WD 40A, may include a time intervaldeterminer that determines the time interval, T2, based on a least oneparameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood of collision.These parameters may include one or more of a priority level indicator,a number of reserved subframes, a packet size, a type of transmission, atransmission format, a vehicle characteristic, a congestion controlindicator, and a budget, as explained below.

The term base station, e.g., a Radio Base Station (RBS), sometimes maybe referred to herein as, e.g., evolved NodeB “eNB”, “eNodeB”, “NodeB”,“B node”, “gNode B”, “gNB”, or BTS (Base Transceiver Station), dependingon the technology and terminology used. The base stations may be ofdifferent classes such as, e.g., macro eNodeB, home eNodeB or pico basestation, based on transmission power and thereby also cell size. A cellis the geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the basestation at a base station site. One base station, situated on the basestation site, may serve one or several cells. Further, each base stationmay support one or several communication technologies. The base stations20 communicate over the air interface operating on radio frequencieswith the wireless devices 40 within range of the base stations 20. Inthe context of this disclosure, downlink (DL) refers to the transmissionpath from the base station 20 to the wireless device 40. Uplink (UL)refers to the transmission path in the opposite direction, i.e., fromthe wireless device 40 to the base station 20.

Although embodiments are described with reference to base stations 20,it is understood that embodiments can be implemented in or across anysuitable network node, of which base stations 20 are a type. Further,although reference is made to LTE, embodiments are not limited to LTEbut may be implemented in a variety of other radio access technologies(RATs), such as fifth generation (5G) and new radio (NR) technologies.

The 3GPP has issued agreements concerning NR terminology in the periodbetween the earliest priority date and the filing date of the presentdisclosure. NR terminology and LTE terminology coincide to aconsiderable extent; for instance, a resource element (RE) remains 1subcarrier×1 OFDM symbol. Yet some terms known in LTE have been given anew meaning in NR. This disclosure, including the claims, appliesprefixes “LTE” and “NR” when indefiniteness could otherwise arise

A non-prefixed term in this disclosure is to be understood in the LTEsense unless otherwise stated. However, any term designating an objector operation known from LTE is expected to be reinterpreted functionallyin view of NR specifications. Examples: An LTE radio frame may befunctionally equivalent to an NR frame, considering that both have aduration of 10 ms. An LTE eNB may be functionally equivalent to an NRgNB, since their functionalities as downlink transmitter are at leastpartially overlapping. The least schedulable resource unit in LTE may bereinterpreted as the least schedulable resource unit in NR. The shortestdata set for which LTE acknowledgement feedback is possible may bereinterpreted as the shortest data set for which NR acknowledgementfeedback is possible.

Therefore, even though some embodiments of this disclosure have beendescribed using LTE-originated terminology, they remain fully applicableto NR technology.

The term wireless device can be a user equipment (UE) and may refer toany type of wireless device 40 communicating with a base station 20and/or with another wireless device 40 in a cellular or mobilecommunication system. Examples of a wireless device 40 are targetdevice, device to device (D2D) wireless device, machine type wirelessdevice or wireless device capable of machine to machine (M2M)communication, PDA, iPAD, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptopembedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles,etc.

Embodiments include choosing the value of T2 as a function of at leastone parameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood ofcollision. The parameter may include any of the following:

-   -   A priority level indication (e.g., a proximity services per        packet priority (PPPP) value or a quality of service        (QoS)-related parameter). This allows, for example, for        high-priority transmissions using small values for T2, ensuring        low latency, while having the rest of the transmissions use        larger values for T2, minimizing system performance degradation.

A number of reserved subframes. T2 may be chosen as a fixed valueT_(fixed) minus the number of reserved subframes in the interval [n,n+T_(fixed)]. That is, T2=T_(fixed)−N_(reserved) where is a fixedT_(fixed) value and N_(reserved) is the number of reserved subframes inthe interval [n, n+T_(fixed)]. This ensures that the latency requirementis met in terms of actual time and not only logical indexing. As usedherein, “n” refers to the time a packet arrives at the transmissionbuffer. In other words, “n” is a time at which lower communicationlayers begin to formulate a scheduling decision.”

-   -   A number of unavailable/available subframes (e.g., for V2X        transmission by a certain WD). T2 may be chosen as a fixed        value, T_(fixed,2), minus the number of unavailable subframes in        the interval [n, n+T_(fixed,2)]. That is,        T2=T_(fixed,2)−N_(unavailable) where T_(fixed,2) is a fixed        value and N_(unavailable) is the number of unavailable subframes        in the interval [n, n+T_(fixed,2)]. Examples of unavailable        subframes are: reserved subframes, subframes not available due        to TDD (Time Division Duplex) configuration (e.g., only uplink        subframes are used in V2X), subframes not available for a        specific geographical zone (e.g., in the case of zoning),        subframes used for other services than V2X, etc. This ensures        that the latency requirement is met in terms of actual time and        not only logical indexing. Alternatively, this embodiment may be        expressed in an equivalent manner in terms of available        subframes, i.e., T2 chosen to include only the available        subframes in [n, n+T_(fixed,2)].    -   A packet size. This allows, for example, for transmitting small        packets with high priority whereas large packets are transmitted        with normal latency, minimizing system performance degradation.    -   A type of transmission. For example, packets containing control        information (e.g., ACK/NACK feedback packets) may use small        values for T2, while the rest of the packets use larger values        of T2. The discrimination between types of transmission may be        based on properties at any protocol layer (e.g., packets from        different applications or services, etc.).    -   A transmission format. For example, the value of T2 may depend        on a modulation and coding scheme.    -   A characteristic of the vehicle mounting the WD 40 or a        parameter associated with the vehicle. For example, position,        speed, type of vehicle, vehicle in service indicator (e.g.,        ambulance on a mission, truck in a platoon), etc.    -   Congestion control indicator (e.g., congestion busy ratio (CBR),        channel ratio (CR), etc.). For example, small values of T2 may        be allowed when the congestion level is low whereas large values        of T2 may be required for higher levels of congestion.    -   A budget of low latency transmissions. For example, a        transmitter may be allowed to select resources using a first        value for T2 a certain number of times per second. The rest of        the packets are transmitted using a second value for T2.

Note that selection of T2 may depend on a combination of parameters.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

In some embodiments, the implementation may depend on a configuration ofa pool of resources. For example,

-   -   The allowed values for T2 may be pool specific;    -   The admissible parameter(s) and/or their range(s) of values for        selecting T2 are pool specific.

In some embodiments, the value of T2 is only a bound value (e.g.,minimum, maximum). The WD 40 has freedom in choosing the actual value aslong as the bound is respected.

In some embodiments, one of the values a and b defining the sensingwindow [n-a, n-b] is chosen as described herein.

In yet a further embodiment, resources at subframes [n+T1, n+T2] may notbe selected with equal probability and resources at subframes [n+T1,n+T3] may be selected with a lower probability than resources atsubframes [n+T3+1, n+T2]. This may ensure that WDs 40 that need toperform an urgent transmission have high probability of finding a freeresource in the interval [n+T1, n+T3].

In some embodiments set forth herein the WD determining a time T2 forselecting a time-frequency resource, where the time-frequency resourceis defined as time-frequency resource for transmitting and/or receivingdata in a wireless communication network. Exemplary time-frequencyresources may be defined by resource elements (RE), symbols, subframes,slots, mini-slots, or radio-frames.

In some embodiment the WD choosing the T2 includes the WD selecting T2from a set of values. One of the values may in some embodiments be 20 msand at least one value lower than 20 ms. The selection of the value ofT2 may be a function of at least one parameter serving as a proxyindicative of a likelihood of collision. The at least one parameter mayinclude at least one of the parameter disclosed above. In a preferredembodiment the at least one parameter includes a priority levelindication (e.g., a proximity services per packet priority (PPPP) valueor a quality of service (QoS)-related parameter), as described above.

In some embodiments the minimum value of T2 can be reduced to supportlayer 1 latency reduction. Pre-configuration and configuration basedselection of minimum value of T2 is supported. The minimum value of T2is selected from a set of values. The set of values includes at least 20ms, and a value lower than 20 ms. In further related embodiments thepre-configuration or configuration is per PPPP, CBR range or percarrier.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless device (WD) 40 configuredaccording to principles set forth herein. The WD 40 has processingcircuitry 42. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may includea memory 44 and processor 46, the memory 44 containing instructionswhich, when executed by the processor 46, configure processor 46 toperform the one or more functions described herein. In addition to atraditional processor and memory, processing circuitry 42 may compriseintegrated circuitry for processing and/or control, e.g., one or moreprocessors and/or processor cores and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable GateArray) and/or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuitry).

Processing circuitry 42 may include and/or be connected to and/or beconfigured for accessing (e.g., writing to and/or reading from) memory44, which may include any kind of volatile and/or non-volatile memory,e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory)and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory). Such memory 44 may beconfigured to store code executable by control circuitry and/or otherdata, e.g., data pertaining to communication, e.g., configuration and/oraddress data of nodes, etc. Processing circuitry 42 may be configured tocontrol any of the methods described herein and/or to cause such methodsto be performed, e.g., by processor 46. Corresponding instructions maybe stored in the memory 44, which may be readable and/or readablyconnected to the processing circuitry 42. In other words, processingcircuitry 42 may include a controller, which may comprise amicroprocessor and/or microcontroller and/or FPGA (Field-ProgrammableGate Array) device and/or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)device. It may be considered that processing circuitry 42 includes ormay be connected or connectable to memory, which may be configured to beaccessible for reading and/or writing by the controller and/orprocessing circuitry 42.

The memory 44 stores parameters 48 that serve as a proxy indicative of alikelihood of collision, as explained above. The processor 46 isprogrammable to perform the functions of a time interval determiner 50that determines the time interval T2 based on at least one of theparameters 48. The WD 40 may also include a receiver 54 and atransmitter 56.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a WD 40 havinga memory module 59 and a software module, time interval determinermodule 51, configured to determine the time interval, T2, based on atthe least one parameter 48. The WD 40 also has a receiver module 55 anda transmitter module 57, each of which may be implemented partially insoftware.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary process in WD 40 for determiningthe time interval, T2, for selecting time frequency resources. Theprocess includes determining the time interval based on at least oneparameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood of collision viathe time interval determiner 50 (block S100). This reduces theprobability that WDs with similar sensing and prediction results selectthe same resources (i.e., leading to a transmission collision). The WDmay then transmit data in the selected time frequency resource (S101).The transmission may include V2X data to another WD. Optionally, the WD40 predicts a future utilization of a transmission medium at a futuretime interval, the future time interval being based on T2 (block S102).

Thus, some embodiments include a method to select resources that reducelatency while controlling the probability of packet collision. DifferentWDs 40 may select resources based on different values of a parameterthat serves as a proxy indicative of a likelihood of confusion. Also,although the embodiments are described herein with reference to the WD40 the time T2, it is contemplated that other elements within the system10 could determine T2 and pass that value to WD 40. In other words, itis contemplated that the functionality described herein could bedistributed to other network elements.

Abbreviation Explanation 3G Third Generation of MobileTelecommunications Technology 3GPP Third Generation Partnership ProjectACK Acknowledgement BSM Basic Safety Message BW Bandwidth CAMCooperative Awareness Message CBR Congestion Busy Ratio CR Channel(occupancy) Ratio CDMA Code-Division Multiple Access D2DDevice-to-Device Communication DENM Decentralized EnvironmentalNotification Message DSRC Dedicated Short-Range Communications eNBeNodeB ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FDMAFrequency-Division Multiple Access GLONASS Global Navigation SatelliteSystem GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GPS GlobalPositioning System LTE Long-Term Evolution NACK Negative AcknowledgementNW Network OFDM Orthogonal-Frequency-Division Multiplexing PPP PerPacket Priority PPPP ProSe Per Packet Priority ProSe Proximity ServicesPSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel TA Timing Advance TDMATime-Division Multiple Access TF Transport Format UTC CoordinatedUniversal Time SAE Society of the Automotive Engineers UE User EquipmentV2I Vehicle-to-Infrastructure V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian V2VVehicle-to-vehicle communication V2x Vehicle-to-anything-you-can-imaginewrt with respect to

As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the conceptsdescribed herein may be embodied as a method, data processing system,and/or computer program product. Accordingly, the concepts describedherein may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirelysoftware embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardwareaspects all generally referred to herein as a “circuit” or “module.”Furthermore, the disclosure may take the form of a computer programproduct on a tangible computer usable storage medium having computerprogram code embodied in the medium that can be executed by a computer.Any suitable tangible computer readable medium may be utilized includinghard disks, CD-ROMs, electronic storage devices, optical storagedevices, or magnetic storage devices.

Some embodiments are described herein with reference to flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, systems and computerprogram products. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer program instructions. These computer program instructions maybe provided to a processor of a general purpose computer (therebycreating a special purpose computer), special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer orother programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerreadable memory or storage medium that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readablememory produce an article of manufacture including instruction meanswhich implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that theinstructions which execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

It is to be understood that the functions/acts noted in the blocks mayoccur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. Forexample, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executedsubstantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be executed inthe reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.Although some of the diagrams include arrows on communication paths toshow a primary direction of communication, it is to be understood thatcommunication may occur in the opposite direction to the depictedarrows.

Computer program code for carrying out operations of the conceptsdescribed herein may be written in an object oriented programminglanguage such as Java® or C++. However, the computer program code forcarrying out operations of the disclosure may also be written inconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language. The program code may execute entirely on theuser's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alonesoftware package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remotecomputer or entirely on the remote computer. In the latter scenario, theremote computer may be connected to the user's computer through a localarea network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection maybe made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet usingan Internet Service Provider).

Many different embodiments have been disclosed herein, in connectionwith the above description and the drawings. It will be understood thatit would be unduly repetitious and obfuscating to literally describe andillustrate every combination and subcombination of these embodiments.Accordingly, all embodiments can be combined in any way and/orcombination, and the present specification, including the drawings,shall be construed to constitute a complete written description of allcombinations and subcombinations of the embodiments described herein,and of the manner and process of making and using them, and shallsupport claims to any such combination or subcombination.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that theembodiments described herein are not limited to what has beenparticularly shown and described herein above. In addition, unlessmention was made above to the contrary, it should be noted that all ofthe accompanying drawings are not to scale. A variety of modificationsand variations are possible in light of the above teachings.

EMBODIMENTS

Embodiment 1. A method for use in a wireless device, WD, for determininga time, T2, for selecting a time-frequency resource in a time interval[n+T1, n+T2], the method comprising:

determining the time T2 based on at least one parameter serving as aproxy indicative of a likelihood of collision.

Embodiment 2. The method of Embodiment 1, wherein at least one of the atleast one parameter is a priority level indication, such that a higherpriority transmission results in a lower value of T2.

Embodiment 3. The method of any of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein at leastone of the at least one parameter is a number of reserved subframes,such that T2 is a fixed value minus the number of reserved subframes.

Embodiment 4. The method of any of Embodiments 1-3, wherein at least oneof the at least one parameter is a number of unavailable subframes, suchthat T2=T_(fixed,2)−N_(unavailable), where T_(fixed,2) is a fixed valueand N_(unavailable) is the number of unavailable subframes in theinterval [n, n+T_(fixed,2)].

Embodiment 5. The method of any of Embodiments 1-4, wherein at least oneof the at least one parameter is a packet size, such that the smallerthe packet size the lower the value of T2.

Embodiment 6. The method of any of Embodiments 1-5, wherein at least oneof the at least one parameter is a type of transmission, such that T2 isa first value for control information and is a second, larger value forother types of information.

Embodiment 7. The method of any of Embodiments 1-6, wherein at least oneof the at least one parameter is a transmission format, such that thevalue of T2 depends on a transmission format modulation and codingscheme, MCS.

Embodiment 8. The method of any of Embodiments 1-7, wherein at least oneof the at least one parameter is a characteristic of a vehicle uponwhich the WD is one of mounted and incorporated, the characteristicbeing at least one of position, speed and type of vehicle.

Embodiment 9. The method of any of Embodiments 1-8, wherein at least oneof the at least one parameter is a congestion control indicator, suchthat when congestion is low, T2 is small, and when suggestion is high,T2 is large.

Embodiment 10. The method of any of Embodiments 1-9, wherein at leastone of the at least one parameter is a budget, such that a transmitterof the WD is enabled to select resources for some packets using a firstvalue of T2 a certain number of times per second, and using a second asecond value of T2 to select resources for remaining packets.

Embodiment 11. The method of any of Embodiments 1-10, wherein T2 dependson which pool of a pool of resources is to be employed during the timeinterval.

Embodiment 12. The method of any of Embodiments 1-11, whereintime-frequency resources in the time interval [n+T1, n+T2] are notselected with equal probability.

Embodiment 13. The method of any of Embodiments 1-12, whereintime-frequency resources in a second time interval [n+T1, n+T3] areselected with lower probability than time-frequency resources in a thirdtime interval [n+T3+1, n+T2].

Embodiment 14. A wireless device, WD, configured to determine a time,T2, for selecting a time-frequency resource in a time interval [n+T1,n+T2], the WD comprising:

processing circuitry configured to:

-   -   determine the time T2 based on at least one parameter serving as        a proxy indicative of a likelihood of collision.

Embodiment 15. The wireless device of Embodiment 14, wherein at leastone of the at least one parameter is a priority level indication, suchthat a higher priority transmission results in a lower value of T2.

Embodiment 16. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14 and 15,wherein at least one of the at least one parameter is a number ofreserved subframes, such that T2 is a fixed value minus the number ofreserved subframes.

Embodiment 17. The method of any of Embodiments 14-16, wherein at leastone of the at least one parameter is a number of unavailable subframes,such that T2=T_(fixed,2)−N_(unavailable), where T_(fixed,2) is a fixedvalue and N_(unavailable) is the number of unavailable subframes in theinterval [n, n+T_(fixed,2)].

Embodiment 18. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-17, whereinat least one of the at least one parameter is a packet size, such thatthe smaller the packet size the lower the value of T2.

Embodiment 19. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-18, whereinat least one of the at least one parameter is a type of transmission,such that T2 is a first value for control information and is second,larger value for other types of information.

Embodiment 20. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-19, whereinat least one of the at least one parameter is a transmission format,such that the value of T2 depends on a transmission format modulationand coding scheme, MCS.

Embodiment 21. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-20, whereinat least one of the at least one parameter is a characteristic of avehicle upon which the WD is one of mounted and incorporated, thecharacteristic being at least one of position, speed and type ofvehicle.

Embodiment 22. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-21, whereinat least one of the at least one parameter is a congestion controlindicator, such that when congestion is low, T2 is small, and whensuggestion is high, T2 is large.

Embodiment 23. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-22, whereinat least one of the at least one parameter is a budget, such that atransmitter of the WD is enabled to select resources for some packetsusing a first value of T2 a certain number of times per second, andusing a second a second value of T2 to select resources for remainingpackets.

Embodiment 24. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-23, whereinT2 depends on which pool of a pool of resources is to be employed duringthe time interval.

Embodiment 25. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 13-24, whereintime-frequency resources in the time interval [n+T1, n+T2] are notselected with equal probability.

Embodiment 26. The wireless device of any of Embodiments 14-25, whereintime-frequency resources in a second time interval [n+T1, n+T3] areselected with lower probability than time-frequency resources in a thirdtime interval [n+T3+1, n+T2].

Embodiment 27. A wireless device, WD, configured to determine a time,T2, for selecting a time-frequency resource in a time interval [n+T1,n+T2], the WD comprising:

a time interval determiner module configured to determine the time T2,based on at least one parameter serving as a proxy indicative of alikelihood of collision.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for use in a wireless device, WD,for determining a second time, T2, for selecting a resource in a timeinterval [n+T1, n+T2], where T2>T1≥0, T1 is a first time, and n is atime reference, the method comprising: determining a minimum value of T2based on a priority level indication; determining T2 respecting a boundof the minimum value of T2; selecting the resource in the time interval[n+T1, n+T2]; and transmitting data in the selected resource.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the resource is a time-frequency resource. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein time-frequency resources in the timeinterval [n+T1, n+T2] are not selected with equal probability.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the priority level indication is a proximityservices per packet priority (PPPP) value.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the priority level indication causes a higher prioritytransmission to result in a lower value of the minimum value of T2. 6.The method of claim 1, wherein the minimum value of T2 depends on whichone pool of a plurality of pool of resources is to be employed, theselected resource being part of the one pool.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein determining the minimum value of T2 is based on at least oneparameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood of collision andcomprises selecting the minimum value of T2 from a set of predeterminedminimum T2 values.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least oneparameter is at least one taken from a group consisting of: a number ofreserved subframes that causes T2 to be a fixed value minus the numberof reserved subframes; and a number of unavailable subframes that causesT2=Tfixed,2-Nunavailable, where Tfixed,2 is a fixed value associated atleast with the unavailable subframes and Nunavailable is the number ofunavailable subframes in the time interval [n, n+Tfixed,2].
 9. Themethod of claim 7, wherein at least one of the at least one parameter isa packet size, such that the smaller the packet size the lower theminimum value of T2.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least oneparameter is at least one taken from a group consisting of: a type oftransmission that causes the minimum value of T2 to be a first value forcontrol information and to be a second, larger value for other types ofinformation; a characteristic of a vehicle upon which the WD is one ofmounted and incorporated, the characteristic being at least one ofposition, speed and type of vehicle; and a budget that causes atransmitter of the WD to be enabled to select resources for a pluralitypackets using a first value of the minimum value of T2 a certain numberof times per second and using a second value of the minimum value of T2to select resources for remaining packets.
 11. The method of claim 7,wherein at least one of the at least one parameter is a congestioncontrol indicator that, when congestion is low, causes the minimum valueof T2 to be small, and, when suggestion is high, causes the minimumvalue of T2 to be large.
 12. A wireless device, WD, configured todetermine a second time, T2, for selecting a resource in a time interval[n+T1, n+T2], where T2>T1≥0, T1 is a first time, and n is a timereference, the WD comprising processing circuitry configured to:determine a minimum value of T2 based on a priority level indication;determine T2 respecting a bound of the minimum value of T2; select theresource in the time interval [n+T1, n+T2]; and transmit data in theselected resource.
 13. The WD of claim 12, wherein the resource is atime-frequency resource.
 14. The WD of claim 13, wherein time-frequencyresources in the time interval [n+T1, n+T2] are not selected with equalprobability.
 15. The WD of claim 12, wherein the priority levelindication is a proximity services per packet priority (PPPP) value. 16.The WD of claim 12, wherein the priority level indication causes ahigher priority transmission to result in a lower value of the minimumvalue of T2.
 17. The WD of claim 12, wherein the minimum value of T2depends on which one pool of a plurality of pool of resources is to beemployed, the selected resource being part of the one pool.
 18. The WDof claim 12, wherein determining the minimum value of T2 is based on atleast one parameter serving as a proxy indicative of a likelihood ofcollision and comprises selecting the minimum value of T2 from a set ofpredetermined minimum T2 values.
 19. The WD of claim 18, wherein the atleast one parameter is at least one taken from a group consisting of: anumber of reserved subframes that causes T2 to be a fixed value minusthe number of reserved subframes; and a number of unavailable subframesthat causes T2=Tfixed,2-Nunavailable, where Tfixed,2 is a fixed valueassociated at least with the unavailable subframes and Nunavailable isthe number of unavailable subframes in the time interval [n,n+Tfixed,2].
 20. The WD of claim 18, wherein at least one of the atleast one parameter is a packet size, such that the smaller the packetsize the lower the minimum value of T2.
 21. The WD of claim 18, whereinthe at least one parameter is at least one taken from a group consistingof: a type of transmission that causes the minimum value of T2 to be afirst value for control information and to be a second, larger value forother types of information; a characteristic of a vehicle upon which theWD is one of mounted and incorporated, the characteristic being at leastone of position, speed and type of vehicle; and a budget that causes atransmitter of the WD to be enabled to select resources for a pluralitypackets using a first value of the minimum value of T2 a certain numberof times per second and using a second a second value of the minimumvalue of T2 to select resources for remaining packets.
 22. The WD ofclaim 18, wherein at least one of the at least one parameter is acongestion control indicator that, when congestion is low, causes theminimum value of T2 to be small, and, when suggestion is high, causesthe minimum value of T2 to be large.
 23. A non-transitory computerstorage medium storing an executable computer program that, whenexecuted by a wireless device, performs a method for determining asecond time, T2, for selecting a time-frequency resource in a timeinterval [n+T1, n+T2], where T2>T1≥0, T1 is a first time, and n is atime reference, the method comprising: determining a minimum value of T2based on a priority level indication; determining T2 respecting a boundof the minimum value of T2; selecting the resource in the time interval[n+T1, n+T2]; and transmitting data in the selected resource.